USSD (Unstructured Supplementary Service Data) which was the primary messaging system used by subscribers to check their balance, top-up and access value-added services. Still widely used today, USSD communication (which rests primarily on signalling infrastructure – not data) is now currently being used to terminate A2P communication. 

How can Mobile Network Operators prevent SIM box activity from punching through their A2P business?

Mobile Network Operators are facing a plethora of challenges that are being triggered by the ever-evolving nature of their business, as this is shifting from a communication provider to a data platform and network business, with emphasis on the value chain. This change has brought about significant shift pains in the business model design, along with the investment required for more capable networks to cater to the looming hyper-connected future.